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Simple Analysis of Police Policies in the U.S.
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Author: Trisha Sanghal, Coco Sun, and Sina Ghandian; Publisher: Medium; Publication Year: 2020. The following article discusses findings regarding policies related to deaths caused by police departments. Is crime a predictor for violent force policies? Well, researchers found that violent crime does not explain restrictive policy. While policing is a complicated topic, this does point…
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Bias in Machine Learning Examples: Policing, Banking, COVID-19
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Author: Lisa Morgan; Publisher: Tech Target; Publication Year: 2020. The following article discusses how human bias, missing data, data selection, data confirmation, hidden variables and unexpected crises can contribute to distorted machine learning models, outcomes and insights…
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A Data Science Take on Open Policing Data
2020, Bias, Diversity, Equity & Inclusion, Legal & Policy, Podcast, Social Justice, Underrepresented Authorlnbressa
Author: N/A; Publisher: Linear Digressions; Publication Year: 2020. The following podcast episode discusses how the quality of data around policing is hit-and-miss based on region. Reporters of data are those being scrutinized, so there is some self-reporting bias. Human biases are reflected in the data, so it is important to draw conclusions carefully…
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AI is Sending People to Jail — and Getting it Wrong
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Author: Karen Hao; Publisher: MIT Technology Review; Publication Year: 2019. The following resource is a must-read for anyone who wants to know how unethical and plain incorrect use of machine learning can severely impact underrepresented individuals. In the article, the author describes various ways law enforcement agencies use predictive modeling to improve the efficiency of…
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Ethical Hurdles to Combating Racially Biased Police Algorithms
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Author: Jonathan Hofer; Publisher: Medium; Publication Year: 2020. The following article focuses on Cincinnati but is applicable nationwide. Their biased policing data is feeding into creating a biased predictive model. A case of “garbage in, garbage out” has repercussions for minority communities. They mention that while they know that the data is biased, the fix…
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Critical Questions for Facial Recognition Technologies in Higher Education: A Handbook for Stakeholders and Decision-Makers
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Author: Jillian Kwong, Stefanie Demetriades, Ali Rachel Pearl, Noy Thrupkaew, Jef Pearlman, Colin Maclay; Publisher: MASTS “Mobilizing Controversy” Working Group; Publication Year: 2021. The following resource provides insight into what facial recognition is and how it should be used in higher education settings, whether it is for security purposes, tracking health such as during COVID-19,…
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Five Ethical Challenges Facing Data-Driven Policing
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Author: Jeremy Davis, Duncan Purves, Juan Gilbert, Schuyler Sturm; Publisher: AI and Ethics; Publication Year: 2022. The following paper lists out 5 challenges with “data-driven policing” which has become more common all across the U.S. over the last several years. The challenges are elaborated on in the paper but they are as follows: dealing with…
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How an Algorithm Meant to Help Parents Could Target Poor Families Instead
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Author: Elizabeth Brico; Publisher: Talk Poverty; Publication Year: 2019. The following article discusses an algorithm that is being implemented in Allegheny County, PA that is intended to assist its child welfare programs by predicting which families/parents may be at risk of maltreating a child and intervening with resources. The new algorithm is similar to an…
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How Our Data Encodes Systematic Racism
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Author: Deborah Raji Publisher: MIT Technology Review Publication Year: 2020 Summary: The following article describes how data nearly always lies, especially within policing systems. White supremacy often appears more violently in the news as gunshots at Walmart or church – but it can take a more subtle form in data. Tolerance is exposed by people…
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How To Solve AI’s Ethical Puzzles
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Author: Cansu Canca; Publisher: TEDx Talks; Publication Year: 2020. The following video discusses how AI and machine learning raise many serious ethical concerns regards many areas and some of those algorithms’ biases manipulate or reinforce discrimination by automatically disqualifying women or rating certain minorities as high-risk. But there is no clear answer or solution on…
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